Description
Test Bank for Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics 6th Edition Salkind
Downloadable Instructor Test Bank for Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics 6th Edition By Neil J. Salkind, ISBN: 9781506378145, ISBN: 9781506380278
Table Of Content
What You Will Learn in This Chapter
Why Statistics?
And Why SPSS?
A 5-Minute History of Statistics
Statistics: What It Is (and Isn’t)
What Are Descriptive Statistics?
What Are Inferential Statistics?
In Other Words . . .
What Am I Doing in a Statistics Class?
Ten Ways to Use This Book (and Learn Statistics at the Same Time!)
About Those Icons
Key to Difficulty Icons
Glossary
Real-World Stats
Summary
Time to Practice
What You Will Learn in This Chapter
Computing the Mean
Computing a Weighted Mean
Computing the Median
Computing the Mode
Apple Pie à la Bimodal
When to Use What Measure of Central Tendency (and All You Need to Know About Scales of Measurement for Now)
A Rose by Any Other Name: The Nominal Level of Measurement
Any Order Is Fine With Me: The Ordinal Level of Measurement
1 + 1 = 2: The Interval Level of Measurement
Can Anyone Have Nothing of Anything? The Ratio Level of Measurement
In Sum . . .
Using the Computer to Compute Descriptive Statistics
The SPSS Output
Real-World Stats
Summary
Time to Practice
What You Will Learn in This Chapter
Why Understanding Variability Is Important
Computing the Range
Computing the Standard Deviation
Why n – 1? What’s Wrong With Just n?
What’s the Big Deal?
Computing the Variance
The Standard Deviation Versus the Variance
Using the Computer to Compute Measures of Variability
The SPSS Output
More SPSS Output
Real-World Stats
Summary
Time to Practice
What You Will Learn in This Chapter
Why Illustrate Data?
Ten Ways to a Great Figure (Eat Less and Exercise More?)
First Things First: Creating a Frequency Distribution
The Classiest of Intervals
The Plot Thickens: Creating a Histogram
The Tallyho Method
The Next Step: A Frequency Polygon
Cumulating Frequencies
Other Cool Ways to Chart Data
Bar Charts
Column Charts
Line Charts
Pie Charts
Using the Computer (SPSS, That Is) to Illustrate Data
Creating a Histogram
Creating a Bar Graph
Creating a Line Graph
Creating a Pie Chart
Real-World Stats
Summary
Time to Practice
What You Will Learn in This Chapter
What Are Correlations All About?
Types of Correlation Coefficients: Flavor 1 and Flavor 2
Computing a Simple Correlation Coefficient
A Visual Picture of a Correlation: The Scatterplot
Bunches of Correlations: The Correlation Matrix
Understanding What the Correlation Coefficient Means
Using-Your-Thumb (or Eyeball) Method
A Determined Effort: Squaring the Correlation Coefficient
As More Ice Cream Is Eaten . . . the Crime Rate Goes Up (or Association vs. Causality)
Using SPSS to Compute a Correlation Coefficient
Creating a Scatterplot (or Scattergram or Whatever)
Other Cool Correlations
Parting Ways: A Bit About Partial Correlation
Using SPSS to Compute Partial Correlations
Real-World Stats
Summary
Time to Practice
What You Will Learn in This Chapter
An Introduction to Reliability and Validity
What’s Up With This Measurement Stuff?
Reliability: Doing It Again Until You Get It Right
Test Scores: Truth or Dare?
Observed Score = True Score + Error Score
Different Types of Reliability
Test–Retest Reliability
Parallel Forms Reliability
Internal Consistency Reliability
Interrater Reliability
How Big Is Big? Finally: Interpreting Reliability Coefficients
And If You Can’t Establish Reliability . . . Then What?
Just One More Thing
Validity: Whoa! What Is the Truth?
Different Types of Validity
Content Validity
Criterion Validity
Construct Validity
And If You Can’t Establish Validity . . . Then What?
A Last Friendly Word
Validity and Reliability: Really Close Cousins
Real-World Stats
Summary
Time to Practice
What You Will Learn in This Chapter
So You Want to Be a Scientist . . .
Samples and Populations
The Null Hypothesis
The Purposes of the Null Hypothesis
The Research Hypothesis
The Nondirectional Research Hypothesis
The Directional Research Hypothesis
Some Differences Between the Null Hypothesis and the Research
Hypothesis
What Makes a Good Hypothesis?
Real-World Stats
Summary
Time to Practice
What You Will Learn in This Chapter
Why Probability?
The Normal Curve (a.k.a. the Bell-Shaped Curve)
Hey, That’s Not Normal!
More Normal Curve
Our Favorite Standard Score: The z Score
What z Scores Represent
What z Scores Really Represent
Hypothesis Testing and z Scores: The First Step
Using SPSS to Compute z Scores
Fat and Skinny Frequency Distributions
Average Value
Variability
Skewness
Kurtosis
Real-World Stats
Summary
Time to Practice
What You Will Learn in This Chapter
The Concept of Significance
If Only We Were Perfect
The World’s Most Important Table (for This Semester Only)
More About Table 9.1
Back to Type I Errors
Significance Versus Meaningfulness
An Introduction to Inferential Statistics
How Inference Works
How to Select What Test to Use
Here’s How to Use the Chart
An Introduction to Tests of Significance
How a Test of Significance Works: The Plan
Here’s the Picture That’s Worth a Thousand Words
Be Even More Confident
Real-World Stats
Summary
Time to Practice
What You Will Learn in This Chapter
Introduction to the One-Sample Z-Test
The Path to Wisdom and Knowledge
Computing the Z-Test Statistic
So How Do I Interpret z = 2.38, p < .05?
Using SPSS to Perform a Z-Test
Special Effects: Are Those Differences for Real?
Understanding Effect Size
Real-World Stats
Summary
Time to Practice
What You Will Learn in This Chapter
Introduction to the t-Test for Independent Samples
The Path to Wisdom and Knowledge
Computing the t-Test Statistic
Time for an Example
So How Do I Interpret t(58) = –0.14, p > .05?
The Effect Size and t(ea) for Two
Computing and Understanding the Effect Size
Two Very Cool Effect Size Calculators
Using SPSS to Perform a t-Test
Real-World Stats
Summary
Time to Practice
What You Will Learn in This Chapter
Introduction to the t-Test for Dependent Samples
The Path to Wisdom and Knowledge
Computing the t-Test Statistic
So How Do I Interpret t(24) = 2.45, p < .05?
Using SPSS to Perform a t-Test
The Effect Size for t(ea) for Two (Again)
Real-World Stats
Summary
Time to Practice
What You Will Learn in This Chapter
Introduction to Analysis of Variance
The Path to Wisdom and Knowledge
Different Flavors of ANOVA
Computing the F-Test Statistic
So How Do I Interpret F(2, 27) = 8.80, p < .05
Using SPSS to Compute the F Ratio
The Effect Size for One-Way ANOVA
Real-World Stats
Summary
Time to Practice
What You Will Learn in This Chapter
Introduction to Factorial Analysis of Variance
The Path to Wisdom and Knowledge
A New Flavor of ANOVA
The Main Event: Main Effects in Factorial ANOVA
Even More Interesting: Interaction Effects
Using SPSS to Compute the F Ratio
Computing the Effect Size for Factorial ANOVA
Real-World Stats
Summary
Time to Practice
What You Will Learn in This Chapter
Introduction to Testing the Correlation
Coefficient
The Path to Wisdom and Knowledge
Computing the Test Statistic
So How Do I Interpret r(28) = .437, p < .05?
Causes and Associations (Again!)
Significance Versus Meaningfulness (Again, Again!)
Using SPSS to Compute a Correlation Coefficient (Again)
Real-World Stats
Summary
Time to Practice
What You Will Learn in This Chapter
Introduction to Linear Regression
What Is Prediction All About?
The Logic of Prediction
Drawing the World’s Best Line (for Your Data)
How Good Is Your Prediction?
Using SPSS to Compute the Regression Line
The More Predictors the Better? Maybe
The Big Rule(s) When It Comes to Using Multiple Predictor Variables
Real-World Stats
Summary
Time to Practice
What You Will Learn in This Chapter
Introduction to Nonparametric Statistics
Introduction to the Goodness of Fit (One-Sample) Chi-Square
Computing the Goodness of Fit Chi-Square Test Statistic
So How Do I Interpret ?2 (2) = 20.6, p < .05?
Introduction to the Test of Independence Chi-Square
Computing the Test of Independence Chi-Square Test Statistic
Using SPSS to Perform Chi-Square Tests
Goodness of Fit and SPSS
Test of Independence and SPSS
Other Nonparametric Tests You Should Know About
Real-World Stats
Summary
Time to Practice
What You Will Learn in This Chapter
Multivariate Analysis of Variance
Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance
Analysis of Covariance
Multiple Regression
Meta-analysis
Discriminant Analysis
Factor Analysis
Path Analysis
Structural Equation Modeling
Summary
What You Will Learn in This Chapter
Our Sample Data Set—Who Doesn’t Love Babies?
Counting Outcomes
Counting With Frequencies
Pivot Tables and Cross-Tabulation: Finding Hidden Patterns
Creating a Pivot Table
Modifying a Pivot Table
Summary
Time to Practice
What You Will Learn in This Chapter
Selecting the Perfect Statistics Software
What’s Out There
First, the Free Stuff
Time to Pay
Summary
What You Will Learn in This Chapter
How About Studying Statistics in Stockholm
Who’s Who and What’s Happened?
It’s All Here
HyperStat
Data? You Want Data?
More and More Resources
Online Statistical Teaching Materials
And, of Course, YouTube . . .
And, Finally . . .
